Last Updated on June 22, 2022 by Laura Turner
Many students start out their academic careers with dreams of attending medical school and becoming a physician. However, according to a large study out of the University of Minnesota, only 16.5 percent of students that initially declare interest in medicine actually complete the prerequisite coursework for medical school before graduation.
So, what happens to these would-be premeds? Before you read on, submit your guess as to what courses cause these students to give up their dreams of medical school:
The Study
The study looked at a diverse population of 15,442 students from 102 universities. These students had declared themselves to be pre-medical students when they took the SAT exam prior to college. They began their post-secondary education between 2006 and 2009.
The authors identified four milestones where students were often off-ramped from their initial course.
The Premed Milestones
The milestones are broken out below. Like in Squid Game, the percentages of students failing each milestone are based on those who survived the previous milestone.
Premed Milestone 1
Milestone one is the “great filter” of premeds: the first semester of the core science courses. A failure to successfully complete one semester of general chemistry, biology, and physics knock out over 60 percent of aspiring premeds.
Premed Milestone 2
Milestone two is the second semester of core science courses. Another 15 percent of the surviving declared premeds change plans after failing to successfully complete the second semester of general chemistry, biology, and physics.
Premed Milestone 3
Milestone three is the bane of many premeds: organic chemistry. 23 percent of the surviving premed cohort fail to successfully complete the first semester of organic chemistry.
Premed Milestone 4
The final milestone is the completion of organic chemistry or a semester of biochemistry. A final 15 percent of students fail to complete the second semester of organic chemistry or a semester of biochemistry.
What Factors Increase Your Chance of Clearing the Premed Milestones?
Several of the factors that predicted clearing all the premed milestones came from what a student did before college – mostly high school performance. Premeds who stayed the course had higher scores on the SAT and higher GPAs in high school. For premeds who took AP tests, those that passed the milestones scored higher than those who changed course. Higher socioeconomic status was also correlated, though to a lesser degree, with completion of all the premed coursework, though interestingly this effect dropped off after the completion of the first milestone.
Finally, and unsurprisingly, those students who cleared all the milestones were found to have performed better in the prerequisite courses than those who failed to fulfill all the requirements. This factor became stronger as students cleared the early milestones and progressed to the more challenging organic chemistry and biochemistry courses.
Who Cleared These Milestones?
Approximately 21% of males made it through all four milestones, whereas less than 14% of females did the same. However, nearly twice as many women initially expressed interest in medicine than their male counterparts. So more women than men in absolute numbers cleared the milestones.
By race, Asians led the way with 23 percent completing successfully. They were followed by “other” at 20 percent, Caucasian at 16 percent, and Hispanic at 13 percent. Black and Native Americans both completed at 9 percent.
What are the key takeaways?
The main takeaway is obvious: You need to successfully complete the medical school prerequisites. However, you might not have realized how early in the process most students drop out of the pipeline. If you can successfully complete those first-semester science courses, you’ve made it a lot further than a lot of the other premeds out there.
Additionally, clearing the initial hurdle of a tough course is harder than the second semester. The first semesters of both the basic sciences and organic chemistry lead to far more attrition than the second semesters.
HPSA’s Emil Chuck notes, “These trends also do not go unnoticed by faculty and administration either. No college wants to know that they don’t produce students good enough to be doctors.”
He continues, “It is also critical that schools provide the support to level any disparities in college math or science preparation, and that students use those resources (office hours, discussion sessions, study groups) to get the content down solidly.”
References
Reference: Zhang C, Kuncel NR, Sackett PR (2020) The process of attrition in pre-medical studies: A large-scale analysis across 102 schools. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0243546. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243546
Update
2/8/2022 – Article updated to clarify that the percentages of students failing each milestone are from the students who passed the previous milestone.
Laura Turner, MS, is the Executive Director of the Health Professional Student Association (HPSA), which publishes the Student Doctor Network (SDN). Prior to working with HPSA, she served for eight years as the Executive Director of SDN. At HPSA and SDN, Laura has been instrumental in providing students with tools and resources to pursue their aspirations in healthcare. Her previous roles include business analyst positions at The Capital Group and product management and marketing roles at software companies Paciolan, Adexa, and MSC Software.
In her current role at HPSA, Laura continues to drive innovation and forge partnerships to better support aspiring healthcare professionals. She is grateful for the opportunity to help countless individuals to achieve their dreams.
Percentages, as described should not add up to over 100%? Perhaps, each successive % is meant to be applied to surviving candidates, and not to the initial pool of candidates.
Yes, that’s correct. The milestones are cumulative, so only the people who completed the first milestone are included in the group eligible to complete the second milestone, and so on.